Much of the published minimally invasive spine surgery techniques today describe less invasive methods of performing a spinal fusion with pedicle screw instrumentation. This article will review the major developments in minimally invasive surgery systems for posterolateral fusion and pedicle screw fixation.
While this article reviews minimally invasive spine fusion surgery systems, it is important to note that many surgeons are able to perform traditional fusion (“open fusion”) using surgical techniques that are considered “minimally invasive”, such as relatively small surgical incisions, minimal muscle or other soft tissue damage, etc. Generally the minimally invasive spine surgery techniques discussed below decrease the muscle retraction and disruption necessary to perform the same operation, in comparison to the traditional open spinal fusion surgery. Moreover, it is important to recognize that there are several factors (other than type of system used) that have a major impact on the outcome of any spine fusion surgery, including the surgeon’s technique, correct diagnosis and indications for a spine fusion, and the type of fusion and surgical technique that is used.